Measles is caused by an enveloped, single stranded RNA virus which belongs to the genus Morbilivirus in the Paramyxovirinae sub-family. The exceptional genetic stability puts constraints on the virus’ ability for rapid genetic change. Thus despite having several genotypes, there is only a single serotype for this virus. And all the vaccine strains belong to a single genotype (genotype A), yet they provide neutralizing antibodies in varying titres against every other genotype of the virus.
Measles can occur in children as well as in immunocompromised adults, and it can be as innocuous as any other respiratory viral infection or it can be as serious as to cause encephalitis (1 in 1000) and death. One of the most dreaded complications is SSPE (Subacute Sclerosing Pan Encephalitis) which is a debilitating condition, and occurs 7-10 years after Measles infection. With no specific treatment available for Measles and its complications, vaccination remains the best armament against it. Vaccination is offered to children as well as unvaccinated adults who are candidates for organ transplantation.
As India moves towards the goal of Measles elimination, there are pockets in the country which still fall short of the target of 95% coverage for two doses of the vaccine.
Listen to a brief message shared to create awareness about Measles, broadcast today in Manorama News Television Channel (Malayalam) :